Illustrations were also created through the careful The square kufic scripts appear as a mixture of QR-codes and ASCII art already in the 13th century. Muslims also used text art to represent religious ideas. Micrography is a Jewishįorm of calligraphy, which is said to be a method toīypass the restrictions on images as expressed in the SecondĬommandment. Simmias of Rhodes’ Axe (325ī.C) is one early example. Is an image built with words or text characters that 2 Brief Historyīefore typewriters and computers, calligrams were Another reason is what Reynolds (2011) calls retromania, the large-scale cultural development that re-approaches previously popular forms of expressions in order to explore “new” options. Studying the foundations of digital media, often indirectly means to study flows of text characters - just like in the Matrix, according to some. One reason is that digital media, by virtue of programming languages and protocols, is tightly connected to the text characters of e.g. Text characters have been used for visual art for thousands of years, and seems to be gaining momentum. It paved the way for the computer keyboard which at the moment, using the Unicode standard, supports up to 110,000 characters. This is why the typewriter can be considered as a key symbolic medium. But the material characteristics are normally invisible to us. With a highly limited set of characters, humans have managed to formulate grand texts to symbolize laws, religions, politics and myths. In his book Gramophone, Film, Typewriter Friedrich Kittler identifies the typewriter as the symbolic medium par excellence (Kittler 1986:15). Help Indie Bands Outsmart Google, in Wiredįuture Potentials for ASCII art 1 Introduction Watercutter, Angela (2011) Crazy Characters.Reynolds, Simon (2011) Retromania - PopĬulture’s Addiction to Its Own Past.On new technologies and primitive economicīehaviors. Rehn, Alf (2001) Electronic Potlatch - a study.Polgár, Tamás (2005) Freax - The Brief History.Manovich, Lev (2001) The Language of New.Manovich, Lev (1993) The Engineering of.Kittler, Friedrich (1986/1999) Gramophone,įilm, Typewriter.Higgins, Dick (1987) Pattern Poetry: Guide toĪn Unknown Literature.The authors also argue that the popularity of digital media, which for example leads to scarcity in URLs, increases the potential for ASCII art to play a more active role in human communication. The authors identify a number of movements towards novel forms of ASCII art that explore medium specific characteristics for drawing, design, advertising and conceptual art. The paper describes its historical connections to poetry, programming, literature and hacking and defines ASCII art as a genre, consisting of several categories. ASCII art is a text-based expression that traditionally is concerned with remediating images, words and objects.
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